CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2024-25: Important Topics, Chapter-wise Weightage, Previous Years' Question Papers

Central Board of Secondary Education 12th Boards

Akansha
Akansha

The CBSE Board has published the CBSE class 12 Physics syllabus 2024-25 on their official website. It is categorized into two parts- theory and practical. The theory paper carries 70 marks and the practical paper carries 30 marks. The practical paper is further divided into four parts- experiments, investigatory assessment, practical record, and VIVA & other related activities. There are total 9 units included in the theory paper syllabus. There are several chapters and topics in these units which the student need to focus on for score well in the CBSE Class 12 Physics Exam 2025. This article familiarizes you with the detailed CBSE 12th Physics Syllabus 2025.

CBSE Latest Physics Syllabus for Class 12

SubjectSyllabus
PhysicsDownload CBSE class 12 Physics Syllabus

CBSE Class 12 Physics Theory Syllabus 2025

The CBSE 12th Physics Theory Paper carries 70 marks out of 100 marks. It is necessary for students to pass individually in the theory paper to pass overall in the CBSE Class 12 Physics exam. Provided below is the list of chapters and topics in each unit included in the CBSE 12th Physics Syllabus.

Unit NumbersName of the UnitsChaptersTopics
1ElectrostaticsChapter 1: Electric Charges and FieldsElectric Charges, Conservation of Charge, Coulomb’s Law, Forces between Multiple Charges, Superposition Principle and Continuous Charge Distribution, Electric Field, Electric Field due to a Point Charge, Electric Field Lines, Electric Dipole, Electric Field due to a Dipole, Torque on a Dipole in Uniform Electric Field, Electric Flux, Statement of Gauss’s Theorem, Applications of Gauss’s Theorem, Uniformly Charged infinite Plane Sheet, Uniformly Charged thin Spherical Shell
Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and CapacitanceElectric Potential, Potential Difference, Electric Potential due to a Point Charge, a Dipole, and a System of Charges, Equipotential Surfaces, Electrical Potential Energy of a System of Two-Point Charges and Electric Dipole in Electrostatic Field, Conductors and Insulators, Free Charges and Bound Charges inside a Conductor, Dielectrics and Electric Polarisation, Capacitors and Capacitance, Combination of Capacitors in Series and Parallel, The Capacitance of a Parallel Plate, Capacitor with and without Dielectric Medium, Energy Stored in a Capacitor (Formula only)
2Current ElectricityChapter 3: Current ElectricityElectric Current, Flow of Electric Charges in a Metallic Conductor, Drift Velocity, Mobility and their Relation with Electric Current, Ohm’s Law, V-I Characteristics (Linear and Nonlinear), Electrical Energy and Power, Electrical Resistivity and Conductivity, Temperature Dependence of Resistance, Internal Resistance of a Cell, Potential Difference and EMF of a Cell, Combination of Cells in Series and Parallel, Kirchhoff's Rules, Wheatstone Bridge
3Magnetic Effects of Current and MagnetismChapter 4: Moving Charges and MagnetismConcept of Magnetic Field, Oersted’s Experiment, Biot-Savart Law and its Applications, Ampere’s Law and its Applications, Straight Solenoid, Force on a Moving Charge in Uniform Magnetic and Electric Fields, Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor in Uniform Magnetic Field, Force between Two Parallel Current-Carrying Conductors, Definition of Ampere, Torque Experienced by a Current Loop in Uniform Magnetic Field, Current Loop as a Magnetic Dipole and its Magnetic Dipole Moment, Moving Coil Galvanometer and its Sensitivity, Conversion of Galvanometer to Ammeter and Voltmeter
Chapter 5: Magnetism and MatterBar Magnet, Bar Magnet as an Equivalent Solenoid (Qualitative Treatment), Magnetic Field Intensity due to Magnetic Dipole along its axis and perpendicular to the axis, Torque on a Magnetic Dipole in Uniform Magnetic Field, Magnetic Field Lines, Magnetic Properties of Materials (Para, Dia, and Ferro), Magnetic Substances with Examples, Magnetization of Materials, Effect of Temperature on Magnetic Properties
4Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating CurrentsChapter 6: Electromagnetic InductionElectromagnetic Induction, Faraday’s Law, Induced EMF and Current, Lenz’s Law, Self and Mutual Induction
Chapter 7: Alternating CurrentAlternating Current, Peak and RMS Value of Alternating Current, Reactance and Impedance, LCR Series Circuit (Phasors Only), Resonance, Power in AC Circuit, Power Factor, Wattless Current, AC Generator, Transformer
5Electromagnetic WavesChapter 8: Electromagnetic WavesBasic Idea of Displacement Current, Electromagnetic Waves and their Characteristics, Transverse Nature of Electromagnetic Waves, Electromagnetic Spectrum and their Uses
6OpticsChapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical InstrumentsReflection of Light, Spherical Mirrors, Mirror Formula, Refraction of Light, Total Internal Reflection and Optical Fibres, Refraction at Spherical Surfaces, Lenses, Thin Lens Formula, Lens Maker’s Formula, Magnification, Power of a Lens, Combination of Thin Lenses in Contact, Refraction of Light through Prism, Microscopes and Astronomical Telescopes, Magnifying Powers of These Telescopes
Chapter 10: Wave OpticsWave Front and Huygens Principle, Reflection and Refraction of Plane Wave at a Plane Surface using Wave Fronts, Proof of Laws of Reflection and Refraction using Huygens Principle, Interference, Young’s Double Slit Experiment, Expression of Fringe Width, Coherent Sources and Sustained Interference of Light, Diffraction due to a Single Slit, Width of Central Maxima
7Dual Nature of Radiation and MatterChapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and MatterDual Nature of Radiation, Photoelectric Effect, Hertz and Lenard’s Observations, Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation – Particle Nature of Light, Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect, Matter Waves- Wave Nature of Particles, De-Broglie Relation
8Atoms and NucleiChapter 12: AtomsAlpha-Particle Scattering Experiment, Rutherford’s Model of Atom, Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom, Expression for Radius of nth Possible Orbit, Velocity and Energy of Electron in nth Orbit, Hydrogen Line Spectra
Chapter 13: NucleiComposition and Size of Nucleus, Nuclear Force, Mass-Energy Relation, Mass Defect, Binding Energy per Nucleon and its Variation with Mass Number, Nuclear Fission, Nuclear Fusion
9Electronic DevicesChapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple CircuitsEnergy Bands in Conductors, Semiconductors, and Insulators, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors – p and n-type, p-n junction, Semiconductor Diode – I-V Characteristics in Forward and Reverse Bias, Application of Junction of Diode, Diode as a Rectifier

CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Syllabus 2025

Section A

Section B

  • Determine the resistivity of 2 or 3 wires by plotting a graph for potential difference versus current.
  • To find the resistance of a given wire or standard resistor using a metre bridge.
  • To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge. OR To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge.
  • To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by the half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.
  • To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of the desired range and to verify the same. OR To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter of the desired range and to verify the same.
  • To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.
  • To find the value of v for different values of u in the case of a concave mirror and to find the focal length.
  • To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.
  • To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v.
  • To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.
  • To determine the angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between the angle of incidence and the angle of deviation.
  • To determine the refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
  • To find the refractive index of a liquid using a convex lens and plane mirror.
  • To find the refractive index of a liquid using a concave mirror and a plane mirror.
  • To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.

Activities

Activities

  • To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without iron core.
  • To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given circuit using a multimeter.
  • To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse and a power source.
  • To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.
  • To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current.
  • To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.
  • To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.
  • Use a multimeter to see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED and check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode) is in working order.
  • To study the effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an LDR.
  • To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass slab.
  • To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.
  • To study the nature and size of the image formed by a (i) convex lens, or (ii) concave mirror, on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the lens/mirror).
  • To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses from the given set of lenses

CBSE 12th Physics Practical Marking Scheme 2025

The CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Exam 2025 is going to be conducted for 3 hours and carries 30 marks. The table below provides the marking scheme for Class 12Physics Practical Exam:

Two experiments one from each section7+7 Marks
Practical record [experiments and activities] 5 Marks
One activity from any section3 Marks
Investigatory Project 3 Marks
Viva on experiments, activities and project5 Marks
Total30 Marks 

CBSE Class 12 Physics Detailed Course Structure

In the CBSE Physics Syllabus each unit carries different marks weightage. By being aware of it students can have a better understanding of the marks distribution.

Unit NumbersName of the UnitsChaptersNo. of PeriodsMarks Allotted
1ElectrostaticsChapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields2616
Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
2Current ElectricityChapter 3: Current Electricity18
3Magnetic Effects of Current and MagnetismChapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism2517
Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
4Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating CurrentsChapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction24
Chapter 7: Alternating Current
5Electromagnetic WavesChapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves0418
6OpticsChapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments30
Chapter 10: Wave Optics
7Dual Nature of Radiation and MatterChapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter0812
8Atoms and NucleiChapter 12: Atoms15
Chapter 13: Nuclei
9Electronic DevicesChapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits1007
Total16070

CBSE Chapter-Wise Weightage for Class 12

In the CBSE Physics Syllabus each chapter carries different marks weightage. By being aware of it students can have a better understanding of the marks distribution.

Chapter NumberName of the chapterMarks allotted
1Electric Charges and Fields4
2Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance6
3Current Electricity6
4Moving Charges and Magnetism5
5Magnetism and Matter3
6Electromagnetic Induction3
7Alternating Current6
8Electromagnetic Waves3
9Ray Optics and Optical Instruments9
10Wave Optics6
11Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter5
12Atoms3
13Nuclei4
14Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits7

CBSE Class 12 Physics Important Topics

The CBSE class 12 physics syllabus does have some important topics in each chapter which can help the student to score better. The table below lists the important topics in each chapter:

Chapter NumberName of the chapterImportant Topics
1Electric Charges and Fields
  • Coulomb’s Law
  • Dipole
  • Gauss’s Theorem
2Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
  • Potential Energy of System of charges
  • Equipotential Surfaces
  • Capacitors and Capacitance
3Current Electricity
  • Drift VelocityResistivity (Temperature difference)Cell Combination Kirchhoff's RulesWheatstone Bridge
4Moving Charges and Magnetism
  • Biot-Savart Law and its ApplicationsForce between Two Parallel Current-Carrying ConductorsGalvanometerTorque Experienced by a Current Loop in Uniform Magnetic Field
5Magnetism and Matter
  • Magnetic Properties of Materials (Para, Dia, and Ferro)
6Electromagnetic Induction
  • Faraday’s Law
  • Induced EMF and Current
  • Lenz’s Law
7Alternating Current
  • LCR Series Circuit (Phasors Only)
  • Average Power
  • transformer
8Electromagnetic Waves
  • Displacement Current
  • Electromagnetic Waves and their Characteristics
9Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
  • Refraction at Spherical Surfaces
  • Lens Maker’s Formula
  • Total Internal Reflection and Optical Fibres
10Wave Optics
  • Reflection and Refraction of Plane Wave at a Plane Surface using Wave Fronts
  • Young’s Double Slit Experiment
  • Interference
  • Diffractions
11Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
  • All graphs
  • Work Function/Threshold Frequency
  • Matter Waves- Wave Nature of Particles
12Atoms
  • Alpha-Particle Scattering Experiment
  • Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom
  • Hydrogen Line Spectra
  • Rutherford’s Model of Atom
13Nuclei
  • Binding Energy
  • Nuclear Force
  • Nuclear Energy
  • Size of Nucleus
14Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
  • Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors – p and n-type, p-n junction
  • Diode as a Rectifier

CBSE 12th Physics Exam Question Paper Structure 2025

Question TypesTotal MarksApproximate %
Remembering: Exhibit memory of previously learned material by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and answers. 
Understanding: Demonstrate understanding of facts and ideas by organising, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating main ideas.
2738

Applying: Solve problems to new situations by applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a different way.

2232
Analysing: Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to support generalisations. 
Evaluating: Present and defend opinions by making judgments about information, validity of ideas, or quality of work based on a set of criteria. 
Creating: Compile information together in a different way by combining elements in a new pattern or proposing alternative solutions.
2130
Total70100

Practical

30 

Gross Total

100 

Books prescribed for CBSE 12th Physics Board Exam 2025

  1. Physics, Class XII, Part-I and II, Published by NCERT
  2. Laboratory, Manual of Physics for Class XII, Published by NCERT
  3. List of related books as well as manuals issued by NCERT (consider multimedia also).

CBSE Class 12 Physics Most Repeated Questions

Provided below is the link where students can refer to the most often asked questions in CBSE 12th Physics Board Exams. Students must practice these questions as there is a high chance of these or similar type questions to be asked in the CBSE Class 12 Physics Exam 2025.

CBSE 12th Physics Board Exam 2025: Know Most Repeated Questions in the Last Years Here!

CBSE 12th Physics Expected Questions from Specific Topics

Provided below is the link where students can refer to the expected questions in CBSE 12th Physics Board Exams. Students must practice these questions as there is a high chance of these or similar type questions to be asked in the CBSE Class 12 Physics Exam 2025.

CBSE 12th Physics Board Exam 2025: Expected Questions

CBSE Physics Class 12 Preparation Tips

  • Be thorough with the basics. For covering the basics you can refer to the NCERT Book which can serve as the main study book.
  • Know all the important formulae with proper understanding.
  • Learn how the formulae have been derived.
  • Practice the important diagrams and graphs while understanding them too.
  • Practice the CBSE Class 12 Physics Sample Papers and CBSE 12th Physics Previous Year Question Papers by timing yourself.
  • Prepare brief notes for last minute revision
  • Refer to online videos or websites to easily understand the concepts.

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        • app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:82
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
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        • app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:82
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
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        • app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:143
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        • app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:143
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
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        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/BoardController.php:199
        • app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:143
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
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        Bindings
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        • 3: board
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        Backtrace
        • app/Models/Board.php:39
        • app/Http/Controllers/BoardController.php:206
        • app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:143
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
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        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • app/Models/Article.php:114
        • app/Http/Controllers/BoardController.php:209
        • app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:143
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
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        Bindings
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        Backtrace
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        • app/Http/Controllers/BoardController.php:209
        • app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:143
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
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        Bindings
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        Backtrace
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        • app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:143
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
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      • Article.php#114db_collegesearch_new3.78msselect `id`, `name`, `email`, `image` from `admins` where `admins`.`id` in (257, 320, 366) and `admins`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 257
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        Backtrace
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        • app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:143
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
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        Bindings
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        • 3: 2025-04-29 12:18:22
        Backtrace
        • app/helpers.php:491
        • app/Http/Controllers/BoardController.php:213
        • app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:143
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
      • helpers.php#156db_collegesearch_new1.93msselect * from `brandings` where `section` = 'board' and `brandings`.`deleted_at` is null and `status` = 'active'
        Bindings
        • 0: board
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        Backtrace
        • app/helpers.php:156
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
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      App\Models\BoardContent
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      App\Models\Admin
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      App\Models\Board
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